Everything about Canine Herpesvirus totally explained
Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is a virus of the family
Herpesviridae which most importantly causes a fatal
hemorrhagic disease in
puppies (and in wild
Canidae) less than two to three weeks old. It is known to exist in the
United States,
Canada,
Australia,
Japan,
England and
Germany. CHV was first recognized in the mid 1960s from a fatal disease in puppies.
CHV in puppies
The
incubation period of CHV is six to ten days. CHV is transmitted to puppies in the birth canal and by contact with infected oral and nasal secretions from the mother or other infected dogs, but it isn't spread through the air. Symptoms include crying, weakness, depression, discharge from the nose, soft, yellow
feces, and a loss of the
sucking reflex. CHV also causes a necrotizing
vasculitis that results in
hemorrhage around the blood vessels. Bruising of the belly may occur. Eye lesions include
keratitis,
uveitis,
optic neuritis,
retinitis, and
retinal dysplasia. There is a high mortality rate, approaching 80 percent in puppies less than one week old, and death usually occurs in one to two days.
In puppies three to five weeks old, the disease is less severe due to their ability to properly maintain body temperature and mount a
febrile response.
CHV in adult dogs
In adult
dogs, the virus infects the reproductive tract, which allows it to be sexually transmitted or passed to puppies during birth. The disease can cause
abortion,
stillbirths, and
infertility. It is also an infrequent cause of
kennel cough.
Like other types of herpesvirus, previously infected dogs can from time to time release the virus in
vaginal secretions,
penile secretions, and discharge from the nose. Raised sores in the vagina or on the
penis may be seen during these times. Spread of the disease is controlled by not breeding dogs known to have it.
Serology can show what dogs have been exposed (although not all of them will be releasing the virus at that time). Serological studies of various dog populations have revealed a seroprevalence of 40 to 93 percent. Its use as a vector in bait-delivered oral vaccines in wild
foxes is also being investigated.
Further Information
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